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Bible References
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Essential Oils are God's Gift of Health to Mankind.
EZEKIEL 47:12
Fruit trees of all kinds will grow on both banks of the river.
Their leaves will not wither, nor will their fruit fail. Every
month they will bear, because the water from the sanctuary
flows to them. The fruit thereof shall be your meat, and the
leaf for medicine.
CEDARWOOD
Leviticus 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52
CALAMUS
Exodus 30:23
CINNAMON
Exodus 30:23 Proverbs 7:17 Song of Solomon 4:14 Revelation 18:13
CORIANDER
Exodus 16:31 Numbers 11:17
FRANKINCENSE
Exodus 30:34 Leviticus 2:1, 2, 15, 16 Leviticus 5:11 Leviticus 6: 15 Leviticus 24:7 Numbers 5:15 1Chronicles 9:29 Nehemiah 13:5, 13:9 Song of Solomon 3:6, 4:6, 14 Matthew 2:11 Revelation 18:13
GALBANUM
Exodus 30:34 HYSSOP Exodus 12:22 Leviticus 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52 Numbers 19:6, 18 I Kings 4:33 Psalms 51:7 John 19:29 Hebrews 9:19
JUNIPER
Job 30:4
MYRRH
Genesis 37:25 Genesis 43:11 Exodus 30:23 Esther 2:12 Psalms 45:8 Song of Solomon 1:13 Song of Solomon 3:6 Song of Solomon 4:6 Song of Solomon 4:14 Song of Solomon 5:1 Song of Solomon 5:5 Song of Solomon 5:13 Matthew 2:11 Mark 15:23
HYSSOP
John 19:39 Exodus 12:22
MYRTLE
Nehemiah 8:15 Isaiah 41:19, 55:13
SPIKENARD
Song of Solomon 1:12, 4:13, 14 Mark 14:3 John 12:3
Thanks to fellow YLEO associate, Julia Wolfe,
for her compilation of the following:
Bible References from the Jerusalem Bible.
(It's the more classic Hebrew order of the
books, than is found in many Bibles.)
THE PENTATEUCH
Genesis
37:25 Myrrh
43:11 Myrrh
Exodus
12:22 Hyssop
16:31 Coriander
29:7 anointing with oils
30:23 Myrrh, cinnamon, calamus, cassia for chrism (anointing oil)
30:31 refers to chrism made according to 30:23
30:34 Frankincense, galbanum
35:28 people brought materials for chrism to build the Tent of Meeting
37:29 Altar of incense and chrism made for Tent of Meeting
Leviticus
2:1-2, 15-16 Frankincense
5:11 Frankincense
6:15 Frankincense
24:7 Frankincense
14:4-6, 49-52 Hyssop
Numbers
5:15 Frankincense
11:17 Coriander
19:6, 18 Hyssop
THE HISTORICAL BOOKS
1 Kings
4:33 Hyssop
Nehemiah
8:15 Myrtle
13:5,9 Frankincense
1 Chronicles
9:29 Frankincense
Ester
2:12 Myrrh
THE WISDOM BOOKS
Job
30:4 Juniper
Psalms
45:8 Myrrh
51:7 Hyssop
Proverbs
7:17 Cinnamon, myrrh
Song of Songs
1:13 Myrrh, spikenard
3:6 Frankincense
4:6, Frankincense
4:13, Spikenard
4:14 Cinnamon, frankincense, spikenard
5:1, 5, 13 Myrrh
THE PROPHETS
Isiah
41:19 Myrtle
55:13 Myrtle
THE NEW TESTAMENT
Matthew
2:11 Frankincense, myrrh
Mark
14:3 Spikenard
15:23 Myrrh
John
12:13 Spikenard
19:39 Myrrh
Hebrews
9:19 Hyssop
Revelation
18:13 Cinnamon, frankincense
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Scientific Research
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- De M, Krishna De A, Banerjee AB. Phytother Res. 1999 Nov;13(7):616-8. Antimicrobial screening of some Indian spices. Clove, cinnamon, bishop's weed, chilli, horse raddish, cumin, tamarind, black cumin, pomegranate seeds, nutmeg, garlic, onion, tejpat, celery, and cambodge have potent antimicrobial activities against the test organisms Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Arora DS, Kaur J. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1999 Aug;12(3):257-62. Antimicrobial activity of spices. Garlic and clove possess antimicrobial activity. Garlic 93% killing of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella typhi. Yeasts destroyed by garlic and clove.
- Smith-Palmer A, Stewart J, Fyfe L. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1998 Feb:26(2):118-22. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens. Oils of bay, cinnamon, clove and thyme were the most antimicrobial against Campylobacter, Salmonella, E coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria.
- Hao YY, Brackett RE, Doyle MP. J Food Prot. 1998 Mar;61(3):307-12. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophilia by plant extracts in refrigerated cooked beef. Clove oil significantly inhibited the growth of A. hydrophilia and L. monocytogenes.
- Hay IC, Jamieson M, Ormerod AD. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Nov;134(11):1349-52. Alopecia improved 44% of 43 patients with scalp massage of essential oils (thyme, rosemary, lavender, and cedarwood) in carrier (jojoba and grapeseed).
- Siurin SA. Klin Med (Mosk). 1997;75(10):43-5. Normalization of the level of total lipids, ratio of total cholesterol to its alpha-fraction, was seen with lavender oil in 150 patients with chronic bronchitis.
- Dunn C, Sleep J, Collett D. J Adv Nurs. 1995 Jan;21(1);34-40. Sensing an improvement: an experimental study to evaluate the use of aromatherapy, massage and periods of rest in an intensive care unit. Improvement in mood and perceived levels of anxiety by lavender oil aromatherapy in a study with 122 patients in general intenstive care.
- Sysoev NP, Lanina SIa. Stomatologiia (Mosk). 1990 Jul-Aug;(4):59-61. Dentures coated with rose, lavender, sage wax reduces residual methylmetacrylate migration and its side effect on the denture bed tissues, and improves the hygienic characteristics of dentures.
- Sterer N, Rubinstein Y. Quintessence Int. 2006 Sep;37(8):653-8. Effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production. Bioassay suggests that echinacea, propolis, elder, mastic gum, marigold, sage, lavender, thyme, and chamomile may inhibit halitosis.
- Inouye S, Watanabe M, Nishiyama Y, Takeo K, Akao M, Yamaguchi H. Mycoses. 1998 Nov;41(9-10):403-10. Antisporulating and respiration-inhibitory effects of essential oils on filamentous fungi. Sporulation of fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus) was suppressed by vapors of citron, lavender and thyme oils, less by perilla and tea tree oils and scarcely by lemongrass and cinnamon bark oils. Potency correlates with respiration-inhibition.
- Akgul A, Kivanc M. Int J Food Microbiol. 1988 May;6(3):263-8. Inhibitory effects of selected Turkish spices and oregano components on some foodborne fungi. 9 foodborne fungi were inhibited better by oregano than salt, thymol or carvacrol.
- Kivanc M, Akgul A, Dogan A. Int J Food Microbiol. 1991 May;13(1):81-5. Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of cumin, oregano and their essential oils on growth and acid production of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were inhibited by oregano or cumin.
- Rodriguez-Romo LA, Heredia NL, Labbe RG, Garcia-Alvarado JS. J Food Prot. 1998 Feb;61(2):201-4. Detection of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in spices used in Mexico by dot blotting using a DNA probe. Clostridium (a foodborne pathogen) is inhibited by garlic, black pepper, cumin, oregano & bay leaves.
- Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Jun;86(6):985-90. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. 52 plant extracts tested against 10 microbes. Thyme oil was the most effective for Candida albicans & E. coli (MIC 0.03% v/v). Lemongrass, oregano and bay inhibited all organisms at concentrations below 2% v/v.
- Mikhaeil BR, Maatooq GT, Badria FA, Amer MM. Z Naturforsch [C]. 2003 Mar-Apr;58(3-4):230-8. Chemistry and immunomodulatory activity of frankincense oil. Frankincense essential oil (Boswellia carterii Birdwood) exhibited a strong immunostimulant activity when assessed by a lymphocyte proliferation.
- Sheir Z, Nasr AA, Massoud A, Salama O, Badra GA, El-Shennawy H, Hassan N, Hammad SM. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Dec;65(6):700-4. A safe, effective, herbal antischistosomal therapy derived from myrrh. Myrrh, an oleo-gum resin of Commiphora molmol. was given at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight/day for three days to 204 patients with schistosomiasis and a cure rate of 91.7% was observed.
- Huang MT, Ho CT, Wang ZY, Ferraro T, Lou YR, Stauber K, Ma W, Georgiadis C, Laskin JD, Conney AH. Cancer Res. 1994 Feb 1;54(3):701-8. Inhibition of skin tumorigenesis by rosemary and its constituents carnosol and ursolic acid. Benzo(a)pyrene & DMBA induced tumors are inhibited by rosemary oil applied to mouse skin. Carnosol or ursolic acid inhibited TPA-induced ear inflammation, ornithine decarboxylase activity, & tumor promotion.
- Ouattara B, Simard RE, Holley RA, Piette GJ, Begin A. Int J Food Microbiol. 1997 Jul 22;37(2-3):155-62. Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. 1/100 dilution of clove, cinnamon, pimento, and rosemary oils inhibited at least 5 of the 6 tested microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Serratia, Brochothrix, Carnobacterium & Lactobacillus).
- Hegab MH, Hassan RM. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2003 Aug;33(2):561-70. Role of circulating Fasciola antigens and IgG4 isotype in assessment of cure from fascioliasis. Patients with fascioliasis received a myrrh, an oleo-gum resin of Commiphora molmol 10 mg/kg b.wt., an hour before breakfast for six days and parasitologically, clinically or ultrasonographically mirazid showed 100% cure rate without remarkable side effects.
- Michie CA, Cooper E. J R Soc Med. 1991 Oct;84(10):602-5. Malnutrition and respiratory distress treated in children with frankincense and myrrh.
- Veal L. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery. 1996 Aug;2(4):97-101. The potential effectiveness of essential oils as a treatment for headlice, Pediculus humanus capitis. Head lice are effectively treated by essential oils (in alcoholic solution) of aniseed, cinnamon leaf, red thyme, tea tree, peppermint, or nutmeg, followed by a rinse the following morning with an essential oil/vinegar/water mixture.
- Harkenthal M, Reichling J, Geiss HK, Saller R. Pharmazie. 1999 Jun;54(6):460-3. Comparative study on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil, manuka oil, kanuka oil, and eucalyptus oil. Of 6 myrtaceous oils, tea tree was the strongest antibiotic, with MIC = 0.25% for Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Bacillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus.
- Carson CF, Cookson BD, Farrelly HD, Riley TV. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995 Mar;35(3):421-4. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. All 66 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus tested, including methicillin- mupirocin-resistant ones, were susceptible to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia.
- Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998 Nov;42(5):591-5. In-vitro activity of essential oils, in particular Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and tea tree oil products, against Candida spp. Candida inhibition by 24 essential oils.
- Smith-Palmer A, Stewart J, Fyfe L. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1998 Feb;26(2):118-22. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens. Oils of bay, cinnamon, clove and thyme were the most antimicrobial (concentration under 0.075%) against Campylobacter, Salmonella, E coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria.
- Inouye S, Watanabe M, Nishiyama Y, Takeo K, Akao M, Yamaguchi H. Mycoses. 1998 Nov;41(9-10):403-10. Antisporulating and respiration-inhibitory effects of essential oils on filamentous fungi. Sporulation of Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus oryzae, was suppressed by citron, lavender & thyme oils and, to a lesser extent, by perilla & tea tree oils. Potency appears correlated with respiration-inhibition.
- el-Naghy MA, Maghazy SN, Fadl-Allah EM, el-Gendy ZK. Zentralbl Mikrobiol. 1992;147(3-4):214-20. Fungistatic action of natural oils and fatty acids on dermatophytic and saprophytic fungi.
- Spirling, LI, Daniels, JR, Jr Soc Health 2001 Mar;121(1):62-63. Botanical perspectives on health--peppermint; more than just an after-dinner mint.
- Hirsch, A "Acentasational Guide to Weight Loss," Rockport, MA:Element, 1997.
- Takahashi Y, et al., Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Jan;67(1):195-7, "Antioxidative effect of citrus essential oil components on human low-density lipoprotein in vitro."
- Mori M, et al., Yakugaku Zasshi, 2002 Mar;122(3):253-61, "Quality evolution of essential oils."
- Morris N, Complement Ther Med. 2002 Dec;10(4):223-8, "The effects of lavender (Lavendula angustifolium) baths on psychological well-being: two exploratory randomized control trials."
- Haze S, Sakai K, Gozu Y, Jpn J Pharmocol.2002 Nov;90(3):247-53, "Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults."
- Vargas I, et al., J Food Prot. 1999 Aug;62(8):929-32, "Antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in the nonvolatile fraction of expressed orange essential oil."
- RW Moncrieff, "The Chemical Senses," John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1946.
- Lehrner J, Physiol Behav. 2000Oct 1-15;71(1-2):83-6, "Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients."
- E. Basch, et al., "Thyme (Thymus vulgris L.), thymol," J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(I):49-67.
- H.B. Myers, "Thymol therapy in actinomycosis," JAMA. 1937; 108(22):1975.
- K.A. Youdim, S.G. Deans, "Effects of thyme oil and thymol dietary supplementaton on the antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of the ageing rat brain," Br J Nutr. 2000 Jan;83(I):87-93.
- M.N. Gould, et al., "Limonene chemoprevention of mammary carcinoma induction following direct in situ transfer of v-Ha-ras," Cancer Res. 1994 Jul 1;54(13):3540-3.
- H. Raghavenra, et al., :Eugenol: the active principle from cloves inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity and leukotriene-C4 in human PMNL cells," 2006 Jan;74(I):23-7.
- Clemens von Schacky, "N-3 Fatty acids and the prevention of coronary atherosclerosis," Am J Clin Nutr. (2000); 71 224-S-7S.
- G. L. Nielsen, et al., "The effects of dietary supple mentation with n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids in patients with rheuma-tiod arthritis: a randomized, double blind trial," Eur J Clin Inves. (1992) 22, 687-691.
- C. E. Elson, et al., "Impact of Lemongrass Oil, and Essential Oil, on Serum Cholesterol." Lpids. (1989) 24;8.
- H. Safayhi, et al., "Chamazulene (found in blue chamomile): An Antioxidant- Type Inhibitor of Leukotriene B4 Formation." (1994) 60 410-413.
- Gerhardt, et al., "Full-Fat Rice Bran and Oat Bran Similarly Reduce Cholesterol in Humans," J. Nurt. 1998 May;128(5):865-9.
- Qureshi, et al., "Effects of stabilized rice bran on blood glucose levels and serum lipid in humans with diabetes mellitus Types I and II, "J. Nutr. Bio-chem. 2002 Oct;13:175-87.
- Balasubashini, et al., "Ferulic Acid from Rice-bran Alleviates Lipid Peroxidation in Diabetic Rats." Phytother. Res. 2004 July;18:310-14.
- Liu, et al., "Barley Leaf Prevents LDL Oxidation in Humans," Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry. 2002;Vol.4(3):110-16.
- Yu, et al., "LDL cholesterol and oxidation significantly reduced in type 2 diabeticswith barley leaf and olive oil." Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry. 2003; Vol.5(1);106.
- K.J. Koh, et al., "Tea tree oil reduces histamine-induced skin inflammation," Br J Dermatol. 2002 Dec;147(6):1212-7
- S.S.Biju, et al., "Formulation and evaluation of an effective pH balanced topical antimicrobial product containing tea tree oil," Pharmacies. 2005 Mar;60(3):208-11.
- J.C. Moreno Gimenez, et al., "Treatment of skin ulcer using oil of mosqueta rose." Med Cutan Ibero. Lat Am. 1990;18(10:63-6.
- Rebecca H. Madley, "Immunity: Examining nutraceuticals that can boost or modulate the body's defenses", Nutraceuticals World. July 1, 2002.
- Li Xueru, et al., "Clinical Experiment on Lycium," Bulletin on Achievements in Scientific and Technological Research. Serial 84, No. 4, 1988.
- Kim SY, et al., "New antihepatotoxic cerebroside from Lycium chinense fruits," J Nat prod. 1997 Mar;60(3);274-6.
- Chin YW, et al., "Hepatoprotective pyrrole derivatives of Lycium chinense fruits," Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 jan 6;13(1):79-81.
- Wu By, et al., "Effect of wolfberry fruit and epimedium on DNA synthesis of the aging-youth 2BS fusion cells," Zhongguo Xhong XiYi jie He Za Zhi. 2003 Dec;23(12):926-8.
Other References
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- Young Living Distributor Magazines, Newsletters, Brochures, and Training CDs and DVDs.
The information on this site is not meant to diagnose or prescribe for you. This information is not intended to be used as medical advice and is for informational purposes only. Cheryl McNamee-Sutor is a certified mentor hoof groom, wholistic bare hoof specialist, horse trainer, reiki practitioner, and an educator and distributor of therapeutic-grade essential oils; NOT a licensed doctor or veterinarian. If you are sick, injured or otherwise unhealthy, please consult with a licensed doctor.
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